Signs of Infertility in Both Men and Women: A Comprehensive Overview
Infertility, a common issue affecting both men and women, can often go unnoticed until a couple experiences difficulty conceiving. While there may be no obvious symptoms, understanding the signs and risk factors can help individuals identify potential issues early and seek appropriate medical advice.
For women, irregular menstrual cycles, painful periods, or no periods at all could be indicators of infertility. Missing periods for months can mean ovaries are not functioning properly, while periods that are too early, too late, skipped, or unpredictable may indicate problems with ovulation. Additionally, unwelcome symptoms like unexplained weight gain, severe acne, and pain during intercourse may also be signs of hormonal imbalances.
Men, on the other hand, may experience symptoms such as low sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, or changes in testicles. Swelling, pain, or lumps in the testicles could be signs of underlying reproductive issues, as could problems with ejaculation or changes in the ejaculate. Other symptoms related to low sperm count may include less facial/body hair, testicular pain, or difficulty ejaculating.
If a couple has been trying to conceive for a year or more without success despite regular, unprotected intercourse, they should seek medical advice. Women over the age of 35 are advised to consult sooner, often after 6 months of trying, due to the natural decline in fertility with age. Men or women experiencing symptoms like painful testicular swelling, severe menstrual irregularities, or significant reproductive pain should seek earlier evaluation. Couples with known risk factors, such as a history of sexually transmitted infections or cancer treatments, should also consider prompt consultation.
Infertility is diagnosed in women if they have not become pregnant after 1 year of trying, or after 6 months if they are over 35 years old. Infertility in men may be indicated by problems with ejaculation or changes in the ejaculate. Erectile dysfunction may be caused by hormonal changes, psychological factors, or physical issues.
Endometriosis, a risk factor for infertility, can cause symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, pain during sex, back pain, and irregular periods. Other risk factors for infertility in both men and women include age, smoking tobacco or marijuana, drinking alcohol, a history of sexually transmitted infections, stress, poor diet, certain medical conditions, damage to the fallopian tubes or ovaries, premature menopause, PCOS, cancer and cancer treatments, obesity, and thyroid issues.
It's important to remember that while these signs may indicate potential infertility issues, a thorough diagnosis should be sought from a medical professional. Lifestyle adjustments and treatments may be available to improve fertility after an infertility diagnosis, offering hope for many couples facing this challenge.
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